Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Music - Essay Example This much imagination in the melodic history was never seen. The work done under this period had incredible enthusiastic and basic criticalness. This ensemble is an astounding case of an old style piece presented in the later 50% of the eighteenth century. It likewise incorporates components of sentiment to be proceeded in the nineteenth century. First execution dependent on this orchestra was on seventh April 1805. The instruments utilized in forming the ensemble incorporate woodwinds, oboes, clarinets, bassoons, horns, trumpets, kettle drum and strings. The structure of the ensemble is as per the following: 1. Allegro con brio 2. Marcia funebre: Adagio assai in C minor 3. Scherzo: Allegro vivace 4. Finale: Allegro molto Actually Beethoven formed this orchestra for Napoleon Bonaparte and wanted to commit the ensemble to him as it were. This was on the grounds that as an individual, Beethoven was profoundly motivated by the individuals who drove the French Revolution and Napoleon was one noteworthy and decent individual of that time. This mirrored some incredible regard and profound respect that Beethoven had for Napoleon in his heart. Thinking about his money related circumstance around then, he could have additionally committed this ensemble to Prince Franz Joseph and got an incredible financial award for it. Be that as it may, he didn't get some distance from his underlying choice and committed it to Napoleon as it were. Every one of these bits of knowledge about Beethoven were given forward by Maynard Solomon. In any case, in May 1804, when Bonaparte pronounced himself to be the ‘emperor of the French’, Beethoven got dampened and sickened at this assertion. He went to extraordinary degrees to show his fierceness and scorn for Napoleon. He went to the table where his orchestra laid, and afterward he snatched it and tore the principal page on which the title of the ensemble was composed. He attacked pieces overflowing with outrage. The title of t his ensemble was Bonaparte. This episode has been described by Ries in a fascinating way: recorded as a hard copy this orchestra Beethoven had been considering Buonaparte, yet Buonaparte while he was First Consul. Around then Beethoven had the most noteworthy regard for him and contrasted him with the best diplomats of old Rome. I, yet a considerable lot of Beethoven's nearer companions, saw this orchestra on his table, wonderfully duplicated in composition, with Buonaparte recorded at the extremely top of the cover sheet and Ludwig van Beethoven at the exceptionally base. †¦I was the first to reveal to him the news that Buonaparte had pronounced himself Emperor, whereupon he broke into a wrath and shouted, So he is close to a typical human! Presently, as well, he will step on the ground all the privileges of man, enjoy just his aspiration; presently he will figure himself better than all men, become a dictator! Beethoven went to the table, held onto the highest point of the co ver sheet, tore it into equal parts and tossed it on the floor. The page must be re-duplicated and it was just since the ensemble gotten the title Sinfonia eroica.† (Beethoven and Hamburger 29-30) The genuine form of the orchestra anyway has been protected through an individual who replicated the first ensemble. In 1821, when Bonaparte kicked the bucket, Beethoven said that he had composed the ensemble for this pitiful day seventeen years back. He said it on Bonaparte’s burial service. The orchestra was subsequently composed for connoting the gallantry of the extraordinary head, Napoleon Bonaparte. It is a result of this foundation data that this ensemble of Beethoven is said to have a forceful enthusiastic worth. A significant piece of this orchestra was written in the later 50% of 1803 and was finished in mid 1804. It was first time acted before people in general in Vienna's Theater a der Wien on 7 April 1805 by Beethoven himself. For this exhibition, the work's key w as declared as Dis, the

Rape Trauma Syndrome Essays - Rape, Behavior, Violence, Aggression

Assault Trauma Syndrome Word references most generally characterize assault as a sexual demonstration submitted forcibly particularly on a lady. (The American Heritage College Dictionary. 1997 pg. 740) Until a couple of years back it was constrained to penial entrance of the vagina. Correctional Code 261 characterizes assault as a demonstration of sex achieved with a individual not the life partner of the culprit without the legitimate consent.(Roberson, 1998, p. 188) Penal Code 263 proceeds to state that the major wrong at which the law of assault is pointed is . . . the infringement of a lady's will and sexuality. (Roberson, 1998, p. 190) All other rapes are characterized under changed names, yet the repercussions is typically the equivalent. Assault is probably the cruelest type of criminal viciousness. The casualty endures a significant physical issue. Rendered weak by physical power, dangers, or on the other hand dread, after which being compelled to submit to sexual acts, including vaginal entrance, oral intercourse, homosexuality, and infiltration opening with an outside object, the casualty is disregarded for all intents and purposes. Assault is an interruption into the most private and cozy pieces of the body, just as an ambush on the center of the self. Regardless of whether the casualty endures any physical injury, the mental effect of a rape is serious. In addition, the difficult, post-injury side effects that outcome from assault are enduring. Indeed, even those casualties who show up to have recouped months or years after the fact frequently locate that a mind-boggling feeling of frailty and helplessness stays near the surface and can without much of a stretch, and out of the blue, be reexperienced. A basic factor in the drawn out effect of assault is that the ambush fundamentally changes the casualty's perspective on the world. Fundamental convictions about the earth, others, and oneself are broken. These are destroying misfortunes. In this way, numerous survivors report that the attacker unavoidably modifies their lives. The attacker removes something that the casualties can never completely recover. We can analyze the effect of assault in different manners. One point of view thinks about the hidden significance the ambush has for the person in question. The grave dangers and significant misfortunes the casualty endures change their life drastically, in some cases for eternity. Another sign of the effect of assault is the anguish of the people in question. The mental and social side effects of misery are impactful images of the danger of the attacker's demonstrations. One more approach to comprehend the effect of assault is to contrast it and other types of injury. Assault is an extraordinary type of human mercilessness that here and there takes after other overpowering horrendous accidents. Assault injury condition is the intense stage and long haul rearrangement process that happen in view of coercive assault or then again endeavored persuasive assault. (Bergess and Holmstrom, 1974) Researchers have distinguished stages that the casualty experiences while enduring the impacts of exploitation. (Abarbanel and Richman, 1990) The underlying effect of assault is a sentiment of deadness, the casualty is in a condition of stun and skepticism and may still feel threatened. (B&H, 1974) The casualty's appearance can be deceiving, seeming shocked or amazed, steady and smothered. (A&R, 1990) The controlled conduct covers the genuine mental injury that they have endured.(A&R, 1990) Expressions of skepticism are undoubtedly an impression of the shrouded internal disarray. (A&R, 1990) Usually following the underlying phase of deadness follows the phase of refusal. Casualties have just encountered the more terrible of lost control. Hence, any musings of this experience may hazard another loss of control. Forswearing can fluctuate from an immediate disavowal; declining to discuss it yet, perceiving that there was an occurrence, to not in any event, perceiving that she realizes anything has occurred. Ladies will here and there express this phase through their conduct, washing or douching more than expected wanting to wash the assault away. (A&R, 1990) The DSM-IV puts in its demonstrative rules numerous responses in this stage, for example, discussion and thought shirking. The hazardous side to this stage is abstaining from announcing the episode to the police, or then again not looking for clinical treatment. (A&R, 1990) Sometimes genuine diseases will develop along these lines, and the culprit is permitted to keep living his typical life when the casualty can't. After at some point, most casualties enter the following phase of intense pressure; intense methods it typically keeps going not exactly a quarter of a year. (A&R, 1990) (DSM-IV) This is a significant stage containing the majority of the analytic standards as indicated by the DSM-IV; including resting disarranges, uneasiness, and generally a huge distraction with the occasion. Dread is additionally a significant feeling during this stage, casualties can get overly sensitive to their environmental factors and may start to rehash wellbeing ceremonies, for example, checking entryway locks, and window

Digital Enterprise for Megaupload Breach of U.S - myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theDigital Enterprise for Megaupload Breach of U.S. Answer: Megaupload penetrate of U.S. Copyright Laws (Copyright Infringement)? On January 5, 2012 the US locale Court gave a prosecution against an organization Megaupload Limited and its principals Kim Dotcom, Finn Batato and others which affirms the supposed association of the organization in the issues of copyright encroachment (Reilly, 2017). They were captured on the charges of picking up benefits through the encroachment of copyright rules through the activity of megavideo.com and megaupload.com area names. The organization used to work as cyberlocker where the clients could transfer the substance to the servers of Megaupload and in the wake of getting the URL from the organization, they could download the record any place required. This administration was sans charge at the fundamental level and the top notch enrollment alternative was open for the clients at a moderate rate which gave them better band width. It likewise gave the uploaders rewards who transferred the documents that are broadly mainstream (Fowler, Barrett, Schechner, 2012). The charges were made on the respondents that they used to transfer the materials and records from different sources without taking their consent which is an issue of copyright encroachment. The organization additionally purportedly elevated the clients to duplicate the documents from unapproved sources. The organization profited by the encroachment of the copyright monetarily and furthermore incited and included others to carry out the wrongdoing of copyright encroachment. Indeed, the organization penetrated the laws of copyright encroachment in US. The organization was charged as lawbreakers under copyright encroachment as indicated by the segment 17 U.S.C. 506 and 18 U.S.C. 2319 of US sacred Acts where the records and recordings were transferred by the litigants without taking authorization of the patent holders. They were additionally charged for tax evasion (18 U.S.C. 1956) for bringing in cash through the demonstrations of copyright encroachment. The organization was additionally legitimately charged for not assigning a copyrighting specialist under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (17 U.S.C. 512) where they were sent an encroachment notice yet they didn't give any consideration and just erased the connection of the record on which the grievance was held up (DMLP, 2012) Clients of destinations like Megaupload have transferred individual information to the locales like Megaupload administration. Who possesses that information and what are the ramifications of this? The information transferred on Megaupload was possessed by the organization Megaplaud.com as it were. So also, the information transferred on sites with a similar working is claimed by the product organizations as it were. Additionally, the information which the clients transfer on such sites are likewise possessed by the product organizations creating them (Copyright Council of New Zealand, 2017). The copyright law of New Zealand is administered by the Copyright Act 1994. It expresses that any learned or creative work of any client is possessed by the client as it were. The rights for monetary abuse of the work are exclusively in the hands of the client and if any individual needs to utilize the work, he/she should take the authorization of the designer or probably the engineer can document the law interest against the client (Wells, 2017). The security arrangements of the vast majority of the organizations don't guarantee total secrecy of the information. They educate that how their information can be shared, traded or sold however don't affirm that their information won't be utilized anyplace. The organizations that request the sharing of information online don't ensure its insurance. Indeed, even the information which isn't exceptionally valuable for us can be amazingly advantageous and enough for the digital hoodlums for instance the email address, moms name and so on. There are a few revealed instances of the information penetrates on the web. The digital crooks fix the total personality of an individual from the bits of information they take from the sites of the organization. The photos of the clients can be utilized in an off-base profile and the data of the profile can prompt the entrance to the budgetary records of the clients. These records can be utilized for making illicit buys. To remain shielded from such breaks, the clients must peruse all the terms of utilization on the online destinations of the vendors before making any money related exchanges. The administration of the treats of the program can help in limiting the hazard (CSID, 2015). In spite of all the above conversation, the truth of the matter is that copyright encroachment is a criminal behavior in both US and New Zealand and it is the main purpose for Dotcoms removal in New Zealand. Suggestion on Users: Now, the inquiry raised that who claims the transferred information. After Megauploads shut down, the developing concern were identified with the transferred information on location. Based on the arrangements of Megaupload, clients need to keep the duplicates of their records they would have no possession on information that is transferred on site and this information can be ended by the site with the earlier notification. Clients access to their documents can be conceivable if Megaupload wins the case yet at the same time there is no assurance for record get to. Suggestion for Apple cloud: Megaupload made a negative effect for distributed storage administrations. Different administrators have taken the preparatory activities by changing their approaches to maintain a strategic distance from the legitimate ramifications. They incapacitated some specific record sharing functionalities to keep away from such lawful unrest. iCloud has made itself as brand picture for its boss administrations so its business has not been influenced. So we can presume that inadvertent blow-back is identified with the trust (Leonhard, 2012). End This task assesses the New Zealand copyright law and recognizes that Megaupload overstepped such laws or not. Based on the accessible realities, it tends to be reasoned that Megaupload trapped in criminal behavior penetrated the copyright standards. References CSID. (2015). The Implications of Sharing Personal Data. Recovered from www.csid.com: https://www.csid.com/2015/01/ramifications sharing-individual information/ Fowler, G. A., Barrett, D., Schechner, S. (2012). U.S. Closes Offshore File-Share 'Storage'. Recovered from www.wsj.com: https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204616504577171060611948408 Reilly, C. (2017). Kim Dotcom qualified for removal to US in Megaupload case. Recovered from www.cnet.com: https://www.cnet.com/news/kim-dotcom-qualified for-removal to-usa-megaupload-new-zealand-high-court/ Staff, D. (2012). US v. Megaupload Limited. Recovered from https://www.dmlp.org: https://www.dmlp.org/dangers/US v-megaupload-restricted Wells, J. . (2017). Copyright encroachment - an outline. Recovered from https://www.jaws.co.nz: https://www.jaws.co.nz/data/classification/copyright/copyright-encroachment a review Zealand, C. C. (2017). Welcome Copyright Owners. Recovered from https://www.copyright.org.nz: https://www.copyright.org.nz/owners.php

The heart and soul of Jamaica

Viewed as the core of Rastafarian human advancement, reggae music is other than the chest and mind of Jamaica. Rastafarianism developed in the twentieth century alongside reggae music in the 1960 ‘s. The last has been a way of revealing Rastafarianism to people while Rastafarianism has added to the developing of the reggae class, representing the common connection between the two. One of the significant sponsors of both Rastafarianism and its music has been Bob Marley who, by means of internationally praised ways, has helped the two multiply. I wish to take a gander at the impact of reggae and rastafari past the West Indies since I feel that Reggae is distant from everyone else, blissful and plans something for individuals, diverse to other music. This is to a great extent because of the musings behind it, and I need to demo that it ‘s non only about marihuanas and the standard generalizations of Rastafarians yet to demo the magnificence and essentialness of tuning in to Reggae and being a Rastafarian. During the 1930 ‘s Jamaica was an island where discouragement, partiality and bigotry commanded, especially in the most unfortunate nations. This is the place Rastafarianism came in to help out the network. The Rasta ‘s guarantee that Haile Selassie, ruler of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, was the re encapsulation of Jesus Christ and their confidence venerates an individual God, known as Jah. Rastafarianism thus began in Jamaica around this clasp as a result of the solid enslavement by Western states. Its essential principles incorporate the craving to withstand Babylon ( a typical term used to determine Western human advancement ) each piece great as using peacefulness as a strategy to achieve this. Moreover their standards comprise of a serene free and autonomous society together with a harmonious relationship with nature and their general condition represented by the way that much of the time Rastafarians are veggie lovers and lean toward maintaining a strategic distance from staple goods, for example, intoxicant, meat, porc and shellfish on the other hand building up their eating regimens on exchange nourishments, for example, those in Mangifera indica and coconut. Another exceptionally of import feature of the Rastafarian human progress is dreadlocks ; in certainty these are a way to abandon Babylon and its imitation vitalizing trepidation in its inhabitants. Moreover Rastafarians accept that by disturbing their dreadlocks an association is made among God and themselves. Another strategy for completing this authentic association is by smoking weed which other than neutralizes the everyday enslavement. The Rastafarian technique for peacefulness has consequently permitted the continuance of Jamaica ‘s populace alongside different settlements of the West Indies providing perseverance against the impact of Babylon each piece great as pride in the African human progress. Initially working as a strategy for recreating personality cognizance each piece great as their African roots reggae music today plays a significant capacity in learning the Rastafarian individuals about the ‘oppressive, deceptive and dissentious ‘ nature of the framework under which they live and, as composed above, fills in as the essential way to dispose of Babylon, with Nyabinghi music being the most worked in signifier of it. Reggae created from a few other melodic habits including ska, rocksteady, mento each piece great as American R and A ; B. Moreover, in spite of the fact that the greater part of remote Stationss were arranged in Florida or Louisiana, some were incredible bounty to pass on their music each piece far as Jamaica in this manner demonstration uponing the improvement of this sort. Just in the 1960 ‘s did Reggae go an authoritatively recognizable classification. Reggae depends on a melodic assault portrayed by discourse designs on the unique whic h is recognized as the rottenness. It other than contains an overwhelming backbeated beat which implies there is an emphasize on explicit beats in a cantina, a delineation of this in beats 2 and 4 out of 4/4 clasp. This steady rhythm contrasts enormously from the standard solid African-based sounds and is non found in run of the mill European or Asiatic music. The music is other than regularly extremely clear, and now and again it will be built and dependent on close to a couple of harmonies. These straightforward rehashing harmony structures henceforth add to the sleep inducing impacts of reggae. Reggae music comprises of a few instruments which incorporate membranophones and other percussion, low pitch guitars and guitars, consoles, horns and vocals. Moreover the reggae rub-a-names are regularly chosen from three significant classs: One globule, Rockers and Steppers. In the main, the accentuation is to the all out the third round of the cantina ( regularly on the snare, or joint with the bass membranophone ) . With Rockers round, the accentuation is on the third round each piece great as a discourse design on cycle one ( ordinarily on bass membranophone ) while in the last, the bass membranophone plays four strong beats to the cantina, giving the cycle a persistent power. There is other than expanded grouping of additional percussion instruments that are utilized in Reggae music. Bongos are as often as possible utilized in jury-fixed structures with African way beat however cowbells, Shakerss and claves other than have cardinal capacities in reggae music. Plus, the low pitch guitar all the time plays a prima place in reggae and, joined together, the membranophone and bass are ordinarily alluded to as the â€Å" riddim † ( Rhythm ) . The sound of bass in reggae is thick and overwhelming and the bass line is much of the time an unsophisticated two-bar Riff that is engaged around its thickest and heaviest note. Another cardinal instrument in reggae music is the beat guitar which plays harmonies mainly on the second and fourth beats of a cantina which, as composed on the old page, is a grouping of round known as rottenness whereupon reggae is generally based. Besides this instrument is played to deliver a truly short and rough cleave sound which makes it sound like a percussion instrument. From the late sixtiess to the mid eighties the piano was other than a central trademark in reggae music copying the guitar ‘s rottenness beat, playing harmonies in a detached way or periodic abundance beats or Riffs. From the 1980s onwards synthesists were u tilized to supplant the piano, after organ-style sounds so as to achieve the jerky feel commonplace to this way of music. Another family unit of instruments used in reggae is the metal development, including saxophones, huntsman's horns and trombones. These often play makes a big appearance or counter-songs be that as it may, in later occasions, are being supplanted, alongside the piano part, by synthesists. In contrasting with different instruments and beat of reggae, the vocals are an a greater amount of significant feature of the class. Truth be told they are discernable from different sorts as they straight convey explicit messages to the crowd, the nature of which will be talked about in the undermentioned section. Numerous reggae vocalists use weavings of arranged sorts, for example, tremolos ( volume wavering ) or vibrato ( flip swaying ) . Conceivably the most cardinal part of Reggae is its wordss, known for their convention to cover grouped points including love, harmony, confidence, sexual orientation, connections and mingling. A portion of the messages sent to the crowd by means of the wordss are hopeful and sprightly, yet they may other than be of political centrality as the vocalist endeavors to expand the cognizance of the crowd to such undertakings. This is accomplished by thumping philistinism or enlightening the listener with wordss refering disputable issues, for example, the Apartheid or human rights. Reggae musicians primarily sing around one love and one universe, trustworthiness and fellowship of all world, the meeting up regardless of various convictions, and the desire for another tomorrow. In add-on Reggae wordss are, as written in above pages, confidence arranged, regularly talking otherworldly competent issue, for example, paying tribute to the Rastafari God, Jah. Other regular wordss depend on socio -policy centered issues, for representation the grasping of dark enthusiasm, hostile to industrialist economy, troublesome judgment of political frameworks and Babylon which, as prior talked about, is the speech utilized for the white political approval association that has kept down the dark race for quite a long time. The wordss in Reggae music help the crowd to remember the vocalist ‘s request to determine opportunity which in twist tends to the interest for opportunity surprisingly who are abused internationally. Robert Nesta Marley or almost certain known, Bob Marley was conceived in a little wide open town in Jamaica on sixth of February 1945. He was a vocalist, performing craftsman, singer, and a pioneer to numerous on account of his way of introducing reggae music to the universe, he despite everything stays to be one of the most venerated instrumentalists right up 'til the present time of the month. Sway was the child of a dark youngster female parent and an a lot more established, not long after non present white male parent. His previous mature ages in the field modest community were spent in the network of St. Ann. This is the place Marley meets one of his kid hood companions, and future confederate in music, called Neville â€Å" Bunny Wailer † O'Riley Livingston. The two of them went to a similar school, and they correspondingly shared an affection called music. Sway was urged to get down playing guitar because of Bunny. Neville ‘s male parent and Bob Marley ‘s fe male parent hence had an issue together which brought about every one of them populating together for some clasp in Kingston ; this is fitting to Christopher John Farley ‘s Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley. Marley in the late 1950 ‘s lived in Trench Town ; this is one of Kingston ‘s least fortunate regions. Despite the fact that the poverty affected him a group he despite everything discovered thought process in the music that encompassed him. This is on the grounds that there were a pair of effective instrumentalists which were from Trench Town each piece great. Other than as I referenced previously, numerous different sounds and music was communicated from America whic

How to Find the Best Writing Sample on the Internet

How to Find the Best Writing Sample on the InternetTo find example essay samples on the internet, is it necessary to spend hours browsing through hundreds of sites? No. Many essay examples are available in a relatively simple format and even though this style may not be what you are looking for, it could be perfect for your project. Even so, if you do not have the time or the inclination to do the work required to find the right example essay, then these websites should help.How do you locate the type of essay samples that will meet your needs? The easiest way to locate them is to use the internet as it is the most accessible and the most widely used resource of information. You can simply go to Google and enter the keywords 'example essay samples'. For example, 'writing samples' would come up in the search results.By visiting these sites, you will be able to find a sample from a particular topic which is based on the current situation. By simply typing in the keyword, you should be able to locate several websites. These examples include research projects, research methods, history, and many others. All of these examples are based on real life situations and can help to develop your writing skills in a real way.It can be very frustrating to browse through hundreds of websites trying to find the best research samples. Even so, if you are not willing to do the research, then you will find that the internet is probably not a good place to find a list of examples. Therefore, how do you locate the best research examples on the internet? This will involve you taking the initiative to do some searching.It is important to take the initiative to find these research samples. Researching will enable you to discover the best websites and the ones that are not worth your time. Once you have found the sites, you can search for the best examples based on the topics you are looking for. This will allow you to find a website which provides examples that you may find to be quite useful.What about example essay samples on a topic that is not relevant to the research you are doing? Are these examples necessary? There are many cases when no research was necessary, for example if a student is working on an essay on current events. In such cases, the best research can be found in books and magazines and these will normally contain example essays.Even so, if you have a research paper or an essay that is based on a specific topic, then you will need examples. Although not all the examples are required, most of them are required. Do not underestimate the value of research material in your own project. It can be the difference between success and failure.When you find the writing samples on the internet, be sure to compare them to others to determine which are the best. Compare them in terms of quality, length, and type of examples used. Check for the links to the source of the material in case you would like to access more material later on. By doing this you will be able to select the best example from a large variety of them.

Essay Sample on Ethics

Essay Sample on Ethics Students Name Professors Name The Course The Date Ethics The term ethics or moral philosophy refers to the branch in philosophy that studies the concepts of right and wrong behavior, systematizes the knowledge on this subject, and examines the ways of its practical application. There are many philosophical schools that consider various aspects of ethics. Each of them prioritizes one or another facet of morality depending on cultural and historical context and desired model of behavior that the teaching aims to incline people to follow. In the field of academic study, the major goal of ethics can be formulated as an attempt to answer certain moral questions in order to improve communication between people in different social environments and to stimulate them to behave in accordance with norms accepted in a particular community. From this perspective, studying ethics in class may be considered an important and controversial question as it influences the psychological development of students and imposes a worldview limited by the framework o f one or another moral teaching. In my opinion, courses on ethics can truly change thinking in a more critical direction if the subjects it focuses on were explored with scientific approach. For instance, moral dilemmas should be regarded with such argumentation that relies on evidence-based scientific research and presents many-sided view on the problem. Ethics should also consider diverse cultural context and its specifications in order to answer certain moral questions that are acute in a particular society within a particular timeframe. Furthermore, to really refine someones thinking, ethics must be taught using a multi-layered approach to the problem that is accompanied with real-life examples of how certain moral dilemmas can be solved with the help of moral philosophy.

Analysis of To My Dear and Loving Husband by Anne Bradstreet

Analysis of To My Dear and Loving Husband by Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet, the author of â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† was a Puritan. This had great influence on the meaning and theme of her poem. This poem was actually not published until almost 40 years after she died. She lived in a harsh religious world where it was looked down upon for women to be courageous and smart. She lived a life that where she was unspoken and obedient to because of her religious belief. She had many concerns and doubts about her puritan beliefs and lifestyle. These doubts are presented in her poem. The main theme of Bradstreet’s poem is her undying love for her husband. In this paper I will discuss how tone and imagery help the reader to†¦show more content†¦The love in which she describes is almost like a fairy tale. Despite the fact that I can not hear her recite this poem I can imagine in my own mind that her voice is soft and gentle and like that of a person in love. The first three lines state, â€Å"If ever two were one, then surely we. If ever man were loved by wife, then thee; if ever wife was happy in man.† These three lines are significant not only because they are the first three, making them the introduction but they also elude a graceful tone to the poem. The words in these first three lines are grouped together so that they flow extremely well that it makes it easier to read and it flows nicely through the minds ear. Love is a complicated thing to understand but Bradstreet keeps it on a level that is easy for the reader to relate to and maintain the mindset that you know exactly how she is feeling. Imagery is what occurs when poets use words that appeal to our senses: we perceive, through his or her words, a sense idea or image: these images can appeal to all six senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste, and balance. Bradstreet uses imagery in her poem to when she describes the love between her and her husband. For example: In lines 8-10 Bradstreet writes; â€Å"My love is such that rivers cannot quench, thy love is such I can no way repay, the heavens reward thee manifold. I pray.† In these three lines Bradstreet is using imagery by explaining that the loveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband470 Words   |  2 PagesAnalysis of Anne Bradstreets To My Dear and Loving Husband Anne Bradstreets poem, To My Dear and Loving Husband, shows her profound love and undying affection for her husband. For a Puritan woman who is supposed to be reserved, Bradstreet makes it her obligation to enlighten her husband of her devotion. She conveys this message through her figurative language and declarative tone by using imagery, repetition, and paradoxes. 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Bradstreet showsRead MoreElements of English Lit ; Contrast Compare Two Stories and Poem2705 Words   |  11 Pagesand the conflicts that keep the reader’s interest. Many readers are only interested in certain types of literature or certain authors. This study is based on an analysis of one poem, and two short stories, â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, â€Å"A Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, and â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† by Anne Bradstreet. Both the short stories and poem show some similarities and differences in their settings, characters, and conflicts. I will examine how the authors have madeRead MoreIn Memory Of Anne Bradstreet Analysis1777 Words   |  8 Pages Bradstreet 1. 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Some individuals would imagine a poet becoming important by them excelling intellectually, being able to write about the things one could relate to, and sometimes being that voice for those who cannot be heard. Anne Bradstreet, an early

Obedience Is, As Stanley Milgram Writes, “As Basic An Element

Obedience is, as Stanley Milgram writes, â€Å"as basic an element in the structure of social life as one can point to† (Milgram 1). The act of obedience holds positive connotations, but the sometimes negative effects of blind obedience are explored in Stanley Milgram’s â€Å"The Perils of Obedience† and Diana Baumrind’s â€Å"Review of Stanley Milgram’s Experiments on Obedience.† Though Milgram does analyze how the subjects of the experiment blame their actions on the experimenters, Baumrind argues the bad effects of Milgram’s experiment on a subject’s mental state. Stanley Milgram, a Yale psychologist, wanted to further understand how far a person would be willing to go in harming another person by the orders of an authoritative figure. Milgram†¦show more content†¦The learner, which is an actor, is put in another room and believed to be getting these shocks because of an audio, provided by the lab, of the learner releasing sounds of pain and loud complaining. Milgram states that â€Å"At 285 volts, his response can be described only as an agonized scream† (Milgram 10). Because the subjects are â€Å"inflicting increasing pain on a protesting victim† (Milgram 9) by the order of an experimenter, the subjects believe that they will not and do not have to assume any responsibility if anything happens to the learner who is â€Å"receiving† shocks. Milgram finds it astonishing that the subjects will continue to willing cause pain for someone if they are ordered to do so. One of the subjects of Milgram’s experiment, Fred Prozi, becomes the prime example for this lack of responsibility. When the learner begins to holler in pain from the shocks, Prozi does not want to go on with the experiment because he did not want to be responsible for whatever happens to the learner. The experimenter convinces Prozi to continue the experiment by saying, â€Å"I’m responsible for anything that happens to him. Continue, please† (Milgram 39). Milgram continues to provide evidence of more subjects that distance themselves from the responsibility of their actions in a section of his writing called â€Å"Duty Without Conflict.† Milgram states that, â€Å"The essence of obedience is that a person comes to view himself as the instrument for carrying out anotherShow MoreRelatedEssay on Authority and Obedience2310 Words   |  10 PagesAuthority and Obedience Thesis: We consciously or unconsciously obey authority in all walks of life on a daily basis. Obedience is when there is legitimate power, there is pressure to comply. Compliance with that which is required by authority; subjection to rightful restraint or control. Authority being the legal or rightful power; a right to command or enforce obedience on another. This essay shall discuss, explore and evaluate the explanations as to why peopleRead MoreThe Trials Of The Nazis During The Holocaust1913 Words   |  8 Pages Can the average person, when confronted by authority and ordered to hurt another human being, be able to do so? According to the results of Stanley Milgram’s famous experiments on Obedience to Authority and the numerous testimonies from Nazis at the Nuremberg Trials, the answer is yes, provided that the individual committing the act was ordered to do so by an authority figure and/or believes that responsibility will be deferred to said higher authority. There is therefore potential that the actionsRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 Pagesactually no such thing as ‘management theory’ in terms of a separable area of study, and what normally goes under that rubric is really an ideological stance vis-à  -vis more general consideration of organisational and human phenomena. Most of the main elements are taken from the field called ‘Organis ation Theory’, which, despite its name, is not a single unified body of knowledge, but a ‘secondary’ subject area built on material taken from other more distinct disciplines. This is both its strength andRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAssessment 106 Time Management Assessment 107 Type A Personality Inventory 108 Social Readjustment Rating Scale 109 Sources of Personal Stress 111 SKILL LEARNING 112 Improving the Management of Stress and Time 112 The Role of Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with Stress 115 Managing Stress 117 Stressors 117 Eliminating Stressors 120 Eliminating Time Stressors Through Time Management 121 Eliminating Encounter Stressors Through Collaboration and Emotional IntelligenceRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBounty Hunters 89 Case Incident 1 Long Hours , Hundreds of E-Mails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job? 90 Case Incident 2 Crafting a Better Job 91 4 Emotions and Moods 97 What Are Emotions and Moods? 98 The Basic Emotions 100 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of Emotions 102 †¢ Sources of Emotions and Moods 103 Emotional Labor 108 Affective Events Theory 110 Emotional Intelligence 112 The Case for EI 113 †¢ The Case Against EI 114 †¢ Emotion

Essay on Hamlet’s Pride in Shakespeare’s Hamlet - 1459 Words

In William Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet, the hero, Hamlet, appears to be guilty of hubris, an overstepping of the bounds of both his and humanity’s destinies, which ultimately leads to his downfall. Reading the play with a consideration as to how Hamlet’s hubris manifests itself sheds light on why he performs certain actions, and simultaneously enlightens the reader to the dangers of attempting to overstep the confines of humanity. In this essay, I will prove that Hamlet has extreme pride, and is therefore guilty of hubris; in accordance with Harold Skulsky’s assertion in his article, â€Å"â€Å"I Know My Course†: Hamlet’s Confidence,† Hamlet is hubristic because while he believes that his own soul is impenetrable based on his external†¦show more content†¦Yet, despite Hamlet’s initial implication that it is humanly impossible to decipher another’s inner nature based on his or her external actions, it qui ckly becomes apparent that Hamlet feels that doing so is not outside of his ability. When his father’s ghost reveals that Claudius murdered Old Hamlet, Hamlet declares, â€Å"O my prophetic soul!† as if he knew, based on Claudius’ exterior, that Claudius killed Old Hamlet (1.5.40). A prophetic soul â€Å"dreams on things to come and inspires a man with second sight,† and Hamlet’s claim implies that he feels he has abilities beyond those of humanity (Skulsky 479). From this point on, the pride Hamlet displays in this scene begins to swell. One of the first instances in which Hamlet proudly attempts to discover the nature of others based on their external actions is when he is talking with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern upon their arrival at Elsinore (2.2.250-282). In an attempt to decide whether they will â€Å"deal justly† with him, he asks broad, â€Å"throwaway† questions to test how â€Å"spontaneous or hesitant† their con fession that the King sent for them will be (Skulsky 481). Based on their external appearances, Hamlet confidently determines that he cannot trust them, and in doing so, oversteps the boundaries of humanity, because â€Å"God alone can compel [people] . . . to give [them]selves awayShow MoreRelatedThe Value and Consequences of Women as Property876 Words   |  4 Pagesthis stereotype, and women have made great strides, but women’s roles in society have not come as far as we may think. 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The land was worth nothing to neither Norway or Poland yet both took up arms toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Elizabethan Era And Shakespeares Hamlet807 Words   |  4 PagesThe Elizabethan Era and Shakespeare’s Hamlet In a dramatic work that displays a story of tragedy and revenge, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is about a prince who discovers his father was murdered by his uncle. Prince Hamlet later becomes infatuated with thoughts of revenge which introduces the plot of the play. Written during the Elizabethan era, Shakespeare incorporates aspects of that time in order to engage the audience. Hamlet’s soliloquy in act four scene four, lines 33-66, targets the originalRead MoreHamlet Was Not Shakespeare’S First Tragedy, Nor Would It1627 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet was not Shakespeare’s first tragedy, nor would it be his last, but it is certainly one of his most venerated for one reason in particular: Hamlet himself, the tragic hero. Not even Aristotle could have predicted that a character as complex and intricate as Hamlet would ever come into writing, although he did lay the foundation for which Hamlet could be built upon. As with most tragic heroes, where Hamlet b egins in the play gives tremendous magnitude to where he eventually ends. He begins asRead MoreDifferences Between Hamlets Mental/Emotional Conflicts and Beowulfs Physical Battles960 Words   |  4 PagesDifferences between Hamlets mental/emotional conflicts and Beowulfs physical battles Beowulf is an epic poem from an unknown author. The main point and theme of Beowulf is about heroism of a warrior with courage who becomes an epic hero; not only by his strength in the battles but also by his social obligations. In Williams Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, Hamlet’s mental and emotional conflict is based on a tragedy of revenge. It is the differences of Beowulf and Hamlet, that also make it the sameRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King1362 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet and Sophocles Oedipus the King   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Shakespeares’ Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus the King were written in two different eras, echoes of the latter can be found in the former. The common theme of Hamlet and Oedipus the King is regicide. Also, like in Oedipus the King, there is a direct relationship between the state of the state and the state of their kings. Furthermore, there is also a relationship between Oedipus’ armed entrance into the bedroom in whichRead MoreHamlet Audience Essay927 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet Essay There are various ways in which an author can target its audience, though in the Elizabethan Era one might do so differently than in present day. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet delivers a speech in which all those who watched could relate to. When Hamlet was sent to be exiled to England he met with the captain of Norway’s army and learned of their plan to attack a small patch of Poland’s land. The land was worth nothing to neither Norway or Poland yet both took up arms to obtainRead MoreHamlet Liberation In Death Analysis1098 Words   |  5 PagesLiberation in Death: Hamlet’s Existential Struggle in Hamlet What is the meaning of life? Who am I? What is my purpose? These are open existential inquiries that both modern and ancient philosophers have yet to answer certainly. Unquestionably, the philosophy of existentialism is an interesting theory and psychological phenomenon. Existentialism is a philosophy promulgated in the 20th century that holds that every person exists first and his nature, or essence, comes about later through the mannerRead MoreThe Compare and Contrast of Disneys Lion King and Shakespeares Hamlet1022 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet is without question the most famous play in the English language. Hamlet is a play about a characters struggles with the opposing forces of moral integrity and the need to avenge his fathers murder. Disneys The Lion King is an award winning film about a young lion cub named Simba, and his struggles against himself and reality. The movie, The Lion King, and the book, Hamlet, both have a similar story line. Shakespeares H amlet and Disneys The Lion King have similarRead More Horatio: A True Friend of Hamlet Essay826 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is a tragic play. Most of the characters in the play have selfish motives at heart. Lust, greed, pride, and revenge are just a few sins that are committed in the play. There are few instances within the play that show goodness and kindness. Hamlet has so many people around him trying to bring him down, but he had one friend that was loyal to him, and that was Horatio. The other key characters in the play were only out for their own good. However Horatio was looking

Socrates Cross Examination Of Euthyphro s Beliefs On...

Socrates’ cross examination of Euthyphro’s beliefs on what constitutes as pious and impious explicates the the argument, â€Å"is the pious loved by the gods because it is pious, or is it pious because it is loved by the gods?†. In demonstrating how this aligns as a real dilemma for Euthyphro in that the gods are not the source of morality, and how it is a false dilemma for Socrates because he believes morality to be ambiguous, would be to further analyze the question in where morality stems from. In this paper, I will be analyzing the five points of piety that is exemplified and how these come into effect as the crux of the dilemma that is presented in the dialogue. Socrates implements the Elenchus method as a means to disentangle the flaws in Euthyphro’s beliefs of what constitutes as pious and impious. It is shown that it progressively becomes more evident with each inquiry that Euthyphro’s understanding is in actuality very convoluted as he can only provide examples of piety, and not its true definition. This is the first point of the definitions of piety. Euthyphro explains that it is through the act of prosecuting his father for murder that serves as a pious act. Disregarding the familial bond, Euthyphro believes that convicting a wrongdoer for a crime is pious. However, Socrates refutes this by stating that it is simply offering a circumstance of piety, and not its core meaning. The second definition of piety comes the notion, â€Å"what is dear to the gods is pious, what is

Magna Carta of Student - 6250 Words

R e publicof the Philippines House of Representatives Quezon City F OURTEENTH CONGRESS Second RegularSession H OUSEBILL NO (ln substitution HouseBill Nos.332,2520 of and 2584) Introducedby Reps. Edcel G. Lagman,Rufus B. Rodriguezand Ana TheresiaHontiverosBaraquel AN ACT PROVIDING A MAGNA FOR CARTA STUDENTS OF Be it enactedby the Senafeand House of Representatives the Philippines Congress of rn assemb/ed I 2 3 Section1. ThisActshall known theMagna be as Carta Students. of Sec. 2. Declarationof Policy. - The State: ( a ) Declares commitment protect its to and promote rightsand welfare Filipino the of students in .+ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 (b) (c) (d) 12 1a IJ 1:+ 15 l6 (e) t7 18 l9 (f) 20 21 22 LJ /,+ .\^†¦show more content†¦(g) With their democratic rightsguaranteed, studentscan serve as a potentand cogent force in the country nationalist socialtransformation. SEC.4. Definitionof Terms.- As used in thisAct, the following termsshallmean: (a) Student- any person enrolledin school in the secondary, post secondary, tertiary, graduate and postgraduateincluding those enrolled in vocational and technical education. (b) School- any private,public or government-run and funded academiceducational institution offering any or all coursesin the above-mentioned levels. (c) SchoolCampus- the totalityof all contiguous proximatebuildings, groundsand or other facilities designated the schoolauthorities areas or facilities the use of by for as theirstudents. (d) Governing Board- the highestpolicymakingbody of the schoolsuch as: Board of Directors, Trusteesor Regents. - the (e) Student population Council/Government body representing wholestudent the in one schoolor schoolcampuswhoseoffice rs annually are electedat largeby the pursuant its constitution by-laws, any. wholestudentpopulation to and if (f) Council Leaders the bodycomposed the headsof variousstudent of of organizations chairedby the President/Chairmanthe Student of Council. (g) Tuition Fee- The fee representing directcostsof instructions, training and other other school fees refersto relatedactivities,Show MoreRelatedThe Medieval Period Of The Middle Ages1183 Words   |  5 Pageshave more of a balance power between church and royalty the Magna Carta was established. However, King John was the heir at the time and the Magna Carta was moreover limiting the power of the king. King John forced by his rebellious barons to sign the Magna Carta because he abused his power demanding heavy taxes to fund his unsuccessful wars in France. In this cause if I were King John I would been displeased with many provisions in Magna Carta. Such as Clause 13† And the city of London is to have allRead MoreThe Rise Of Th e Middle Ages1569 Words   |  7 Pageswouldn’t have affected me as a secular ruler. The Magna Carta was asserted in 1215 by King John and established that everyone including the King was subject to the law. The Magna Carta identifies a â€Å"free man† as one who is deserving of civil rights. â€Å"No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions† and â€Å"To no one will we sell, to no one deny or delay right to justice.† â€Å"Free man† according to the Magna Carta is one who is entitled to their full civil rightsRead MoreImportance Of Freedom Of Speech1455 Words   |  6 Pages(Allsop The Difficult History of Free Speech). It wasn’t until 1215 AD when the first basic human rights were established in the Magna Carta. While the Magna Carta didn’t explicitly give the rights of free speech to everyone, it was the first major stepping stone in providing a path of universal civil liberties. The founding fathers of the United States used the Magna Carta as an example to construct the princip als in which they would base their Bill of Rights. In 1791 the first Amendment was introducedRead MoreWhat is Due Process?1022 Words   |  4 Pagesto ensure justice for all free and naturalized citizens Due process protection has its roots in the Magna Carta, which we learn in Unit 1: The Magna Carta and the Constitution It was when King John promised that no free man shall be taken or imprisoned or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land. The Magna Carta’s part in ensuring basic rights and freedoms for the English. As many of the founders were trainedRead MoreWhen thinking of The United States only two thoughts come to mind freedom and citizenship. The1900 Words   |  8 Pagespreferring one religion over another. It enforces the separation of church and state. Some governmental activity related to religion has been declared constitutional by the Supreme Court. For example, providing bus transportation for parochial school students and the enforcement of blue laws is not prohibited. The free exercise clause prohibits the government, in most instances, from interfering with a person s practice of their religion. The most basic component of freedom of expression is the rightRead MoreThe Federalist Papers and the Birth of a Nation1276 Words   |  6 Pagesthought of in the form of the Bill of Rights, which accompanies and amends the Constitution to defend certain explicit rights of the people the document neglected to specify. As many of the elite men of the time had done, the Founding Fathers were students of the Enlightenment and the period of personal liberties that had grown out of these idealists. The inherent rights of man brought about by men like Locke were that of â€Å"Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness†. The Federalists addressed theseRead MorePierre Bourdieu s Influence On The Field Of Sociology Essay2517 Words   |  11 Pagesbehaviour of people within a society (Costa Murphy, 2015), Bourdieu believed that habitus was normalised in to people through what he called fields. One could say that as a joint honours student, university is a field that has set rules, st andards and acceptable behaviours, one could go further and say that as a student of behavioural studies and sociology, each of the courses are also separate fields, which whilst they share common rules and behaviours they also have areas where they differ, for exampleRead MoreCivil Liberties And Civil Rights1479 Words   |  6 Pagesprotect the individual people, and the other aims to empower government to protect the people. Civil Liberties are the basic, guaranteed rights citizens have that protect them from government actions. Their conception can be traced back to the Magna Carta, the English legal charter that set a simple slate that everybody is subject to the law.[4] These personal rights are guaranteed to citizens by the Constitution and cannot be abridged by the government without due process. Stated by law, the governmentRead MoreIssues and Problems in the Philippine Educational System: A Challenge Towards the Attainment of Quality Education1986 Words   |  8 Pagesreadings and researches, questions were arising in my mind as to what solutions are applicable in addressing the problems about the quality of education, affordability, budget, mismatch, integration of sex education in the curriculum, R.A. 9710 (Magna Carta for Women) and other concerns which are somehow related to it. I will always stand for what I believe in according to my observations that we have good guidelines and policies on education but what is lacking is the ability to implement such inRead MoreA Christian Nation Through The Eyes Of A Son Of Indian Immigrants991 Words   |  4 Pagesuniquely human gift from God, and people should educate themselves to the gift. The monasteries took it upon themselves to teach the people. The monks taught using two different methods, lecture and debate. To earn a certificate from the monastery, the student was required to defeat the professor in a one on one debate, showing they had mastered the material. An integral part of assuring victory was to learn philosophy. Clement of Alexandria said, in On Philosophy, â€Å"†¦philosophy was given to the Greeks

Seamus Heaney Poetry Essay Example For Students

Seamus Heaney Poetry Essay Mid term break was written by Seams Haney, an Irish poet who lived together with nine siblings. Many of his works are about everyday life, a testimony to his profound observations of even the smallest things. This poem, Mid term break, was a reflection of his brother, Christopher death. Although it is entitled Mid Term Break, the poem is far from cheerful. The ideas of death, trauma, grief and despair are explored here. The tone of the poem is somber and solemn. The narrator may seem a little detached as well. He does not show any outward sign that he is grieving o much over the death of his brother, but traces of his sadness could be seen in the times when he recalls memories of his brother, the baby cooed and rocked the pram and lay in the four foot box as in his cot. Haney delivered the poem shrouded in mystery. His introduction in the first stanza does not give the audience a clue about what would happen next. It had a relaxed, happy tone, and gives us the impression that he had all the time in the world to spare. This was shown by the act of Counting bells knelling classes too close, making the first stanza seem to last a Eng time. These words supports the previous line, waited all morning. Also, the allusion to classes and college sick bay suggests that the narrator was still slightly naive and youthful at the time. When the neighbors drove him home, the sense of mystery begins to build up. Upon arriving at his home, he met his father crying. Here, the ideas of grief, trauma and the resulting disorientation are explored. A father represents a strong pillar within the family, but here, the poet showed how much the shock of the death of a close family member could cause even the trotters pillar to collapse. His father had always taken funerals in his stride, and could show that deaths were quite common, however, they had never expected it to hit so close to them. The mention of a hard blow had both a physical and emotional meaning in the text. It could refer to the physical impact of the accident on the poets brother, and it may also refer to the immense emotional trauma experienced by the family members. Haney had also referred to his brother as a baby, and in line 18, it was the first time in six weeks he was seeing him. This suggests that the poet had only a fleeting memory of his brother, and most of his memories were concerned with him when he was a baby, cooing and rocking the pram. To me, I find that this part is the most tear Jerking part of all, as it describes the poet having a distanced relationship with his brother that he would now never be able to repair. As he entered the house, he was embarrassed by old men who stood up to shake his hand. This could be a representation of him suddenly assuming the responsibility of a mature adult. There were many other strangers who became the spectator of the funeral, and therefore the Whispers informed strangers that (the poet) was the eldest, away at school. This also emphasized the difference between being a spectator, and the actual family members of the victim. The emotional blow caused his mother to cough out angry tearless sighs. This could mean that the mother had cried too much until she had no tears left, and also could mean that she blamed herself for not being able to protect her child enough. .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 , .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .postImageUrl , .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 , .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38:hover , .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38:visited , .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38:active { border:0!important; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38:active , .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38 .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b909e62a6219729870703c117d49b38:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ToK language essayHere, there is a contrast between the conventional reaction of the father and mother. The mother is angry and sad, while the father is tearful. The narration is direct and simple, and this gives an innocent, childlike view of the situation. There is a lot of visual images in the poem, such as snowdrops and candles soothed the bedside. These serve to soften the harsh image and make it more peaceful. Wearing a poppy bruise and no gaudy scars, the poets descriptions of his brother, also show the light injuries he saw, aiding to give a quiet, peaceful atmosphere to the paragraph. In losing his four year old brother, Haney discovered the brutal reality of the world. It was a time of transition from adolescence to adulthood for him. 1 . Things are backward: Father crying, Mother angry, 4 year old dies first. 2. Loss of innocence: shake hands, . The calm mood is beautifully shown in the imagery (Snowdrops/And candles soothed the bedside literally they soothed the young Haney). The flowers are a symbol in the poem, but also in reality for the family (a symbol of new life, after death). The bruise is seen as not really part of the boy he is wearing it (a metaphor), as if it could come off. Haney likens the bruise to the poppy, a flower linked with death and soothing of pain (opiates come from poppies). The child appears as if sleeping (a simile). We contrast the ugly corpse, stanched and bandaged, which becomes a sleeping child dead. The last line of the poem is most poignant and skillful the size of the coffin is the measure of the childs life. DIGGING This poem Digging is in Honeys first collection of poems called Death of a Naturalist (1966). This poem is the first poem of this collection. It is a free verse poem written in first person narrative, with eight stanzas containing two couplets. The free structure of this poem allows Haney to freely express his respect of the Irish tradition as well as his pride and dignity towards his ancestors. The poem starts and ends with the same lines between my finger and my thumb/The squat pen rests UT the first stanza ends with as snug as a gun and the last stanza ends with Ill dig with it. Thus, Haney foregrounds the importance of the writers profession and craft by breathing new life into the clichà ©d idiom the pen is mightier than the sword. Haney affirms that he has decided to choose his own career path, as a writer. It is clear that Haney feels confident that he is very skilled with a pen and demonstrates and proves that he is an accomplished poet by writing this very thought provoking poem. The title Digging is usually interpreted as an act of hard labor. It awakens our curio sity for we want to know the reasons why he is digging and what he is digging for. The poem basically describes his father digging potato drills and the grandfather cutting turf: By God, the old man could handle a spade, Just like his old man. However the poet does not praise their strength as diggers. But the act of digging is associated more with the passing on of special values from generation to generation. There is also an extended metaphor of digging and roots in the poem, which shows how the poet, in his writing, is getting back to his own identity, and where his family moms from: Digging. Wrought living roots awaken in my head. Haney realizes that in choosing the squat pen over the spade he is in fact digging up memories of his ancestors, and thus enabling the process of the historical past giving meaning to the present. So all in all, he draws the conclusion that whilst we must not forget our roots,we must pursue our own passions and dreams in life. For Haney, it is his chosen calling as a writer in which he finds solace, which enables him to transfer me mories onto paper, giving old thoughts the power to transcend time.

Daddy Daughter free essay sample

I believe in my father. My father never cries. He is a tough, big man that is intimidating to many at first glance. But, many people do not realize the hurt and the pain that his soft heart has felt. He fell in love with a girl his senior year of high school. They did everything together: cute dates, family get togethers, late nights talking on the phone. She was beautiful and everything he ever wanted in a partner. This was the girl my father thought he was going to spend the rest of his life with. But she left. She left because she thought she had found bigger and better. She left because she did not realize what she had. My father was broken, and his brokenness became his identity. He became sadness and â€Å"the guy who got hurt.† And when she friend requested him on Facebook many years later and messaged him he said â€Å"no. We will write a custom essay sample on Daddy Daughter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Why? Because when the memories flooded back he realized that he lives a great life now with his wife and two daughters, who wouldn’t be there if it wasn’t for this girl walking away. He held me in his arms as he told me that the way to get over a broken heart is acceptance. A person may never truly get over somebody. The memories of the beautiful warmth of holding somebody’s hand and the cold pain of letting the hand go will always remain. But if one accepts it, owns it, and moves on in the occurrence of it happening, life will go on just fine. This I believe: accept what is, let go of what was, and have faith in what will be. Life happens, but it is a choice to embrace what happens and trust that there is something greater, waiting to be discovered. This is the only true way to learn and carry on. My father cried over her, and probably did for a long time. But he doesnt cry anymore.

Fasting free essay sample

Sawm (Fasting) Fasting is a distinctive moral and spiritual feature in Islam for all muslims in this world. This word derived from Sawm which is an Arabic word for fasting regulate by Islamic Jurisprudence. The definition of fasting means to abstain totally from food, drinks, smoking and intimate intercourse for the whole day during daylight time before the break of the dawn. It is an act of faith but there may be other reasons such as; there are medical needs for a patient to fast for operations and also some people take part in subsidised fasting to raise money for charity. Among those who fast for religious reasons, they have much different prescription for fasting with a person means and piece to abstain from alongside the period of time. Other religion ban fasting as it brings no good to people but hunger. The beneficial of fasting can come in many points both in physical and moral side. We will write a custom essay sample on Fasting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The people who fast can feel the starvation to that much of mankind feels on day by day basis as much population in the world who is in poverty which makes humanity draw closer and appreciate what they have been blessed with. On the ethical side, one must not lie, quarrel and gossips as this will bring peace to one another. Fasting is a good practice as for the time when we in need of food or drinks in normal days which is prohibited in the month of fasting, so we embark on some training of our longing. On physical state of fasting, the health benefits can lower the chance of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and more. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam. It is made compulsory to those male and female who is sane and mature. Those who are lderly, sick, on a long Journey, nursing or woman who are pregnant are allowed to break their fast but they must make up an equal number of days later after the month of Ramadan. If they are physically unable to fast, they must feed the needy person on each day they missed fasting. Children begin to fast when they reached puberty or earlier as a means of practice for their adult life. Muslims fast because of direct commandment which is written down in the holy book of Quran. The one who fast will get all the benefits of fasting by drawing closer to God. Fasting free essay sample Fasting is an act of abstaining from all food, drinks or both for a certain period of time probably for a religious purpose. Fasting is always attached to a particular religious belief, for example, Christian faith. Fasting may have a great negative impact on the work with child or children. In most cases, the person fasting does this so as to devote himself or herself to religious activity such as prayer. Therefore the person may not get ample time to be with the child, to share and even interact with the child hence the child will always be left alone to do the work they wish to do without proper guidance and directions. This is hazardous to young children who deserve to be mentored.A communication difficulty is one that may hinder ones ability to talk, understand, read, write or make or interpret a gesture. There are several examples of such difficulties, one of them may be a school going child who may not be able to complete his or her assignment simply because he has a difficulty in reading and writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Fasting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Children who do not know how to read well when given the assignment to do may not be able to complete since he may not comprehend what the whole assignment is all about. Again in a case where the child is unable to write what he intended to give or the response of the assignment, then it becomes pretty difficult for him to communicate with the teacher on the assignment he or she was given to tackle. This will bring about communication failure. Another example of a communication disorder is that of a two-year-old child who may not be able to speak any word. Such a child may not be able to express all that he or she feels and sometimes may opt to use some signs in order to communicate such as through crying of which some of this signs or gestures may not be fully understood by their mother or the person taking charge of the child. In such case, communication may be hampered. Another good example of communication difficulty in a communication that involves an older person who has hearing difficulties, in such a case the older may not be able to understand all that is entailed in the message especially when the medium of communication is via audio machines.There are several ways in which one can establish a respectful and professional relationship with adults for example when discussing with them it is good to show them that you are approachable, let them know that you are willing to hear their views anytime they feel like rai sing them. There is also need to give support to them when they require, show respect, never gossiping about them, showing commitment to them and even responding to them politely. One can also establish a respectful relationship with adults by addressing them using the titles they prefer and hence showing respect such titles may include Mrs. or Mr. before mentioning their names. There is also a need to try handling disagreements in a way that will maintain a positive relationship with them.Children and young people will always look to adults as their perfect role models so therefore there is a need for adults behave in such a way that the child will copy the good behavior in the adult. Being approachable to the child and giving them some praise and maintaining eye contact will make the child feel comfortable with you as an adult as a result child is able to trust in you. The way adults behave have a great impact on a child, this is seen in how children role-play themselves by playing the role of a teacher, their mothers, and fathers. The best adult relationship between adults and children will enable children to stick to the rules and regulations and other virtues such as honesty that is pertinent in the day to day life. This is because children will always copy the same behavior being practiced by the adults or their teachers.

Tips On Using Persuasive Essay Free Samples

Tips On Using Persuasive Essay Free SamplesThere are a lot of different sites that offer persuasive essay free samples that you can use to write your own persuasive essay. The problem is that you can only find out which sites have what type of free samples if you search online.Interactive websites tend to offer the most effective persuasive essay free samples. They often have some really good content and a very simple interface for their readers. Most of these websites are hosted by a single website company and have built up a large following through word of mouth advertising.One of the problems with using the free persuasive essay samples is that you are likely to use plagiarism as an excuse for making up content. The easiest way to avoid this is to write about something that has already been covered in a persuasive essay. The problem with plagiarism is that it is not illegal. So if you do use it you could risk getting caught.The second problem with using persuasive essay free sampl es is that you are unlikely to know how to construct your arguments. It is often best to put the outline of your argument on the page so that you can refer back to it, but this is far too difficult to do without looking at a webpage and copying every word.Some of the most effective persuasive essay free samples require you to explain the benefits and drawbacks of using a particular product. If you need to use a product for a specific purpose, it is often useful to look at persuasive essay free samples that will help you build a case.Some of the best persuasive essay free samples make it quite clear that you will need to take an action that can improve your situation. You should try to remember that this is a resource that you are given and you should try to use it to promote the main points of your essay. Otherwise, you could wind up just repeating what has already been said in an essay, and it can get very boring.There are several different websites that you can use to find persuas ive essay free samples. But you should be careful that you do not end up plagiarizing or plagiarism will cause you to lose credibility with readers.

much symbolism essays

much symbolism essays Much symbolism is used in William Golding's Lord of the Flies. The nature on the island is used as the primary source of symbolism. There are three main uses of nature's symbolism: a pink conch shell, a pig's head, and fire. Nature is a symbol that parallels to the real world. It helps prove the author's theory that Humankind is foolish and evil in any situation. The first important part of nature's symbolism is a pink conch shell. At the beginning of the book, it was found by Ralph (13). The conch shell represents power and authority. Ralph uses it to call for the boys to come to the meeting (15). In the meetings, whoever has the shell has the power to speak. The conch shows how people use objects to give power, like a king and his scepter and crown, or other things which show who has power. It is also evident that objects don't give power when people choose not to obey it, like Ralph's conch. The pig's head, or Lord of the Flies, is another important use of symbolism through nature. Jack and his hunters killed a pig and cut off its head (125). To Jack, the head is a sacrifice for the beast (127). This object demonstrates that people make religions and rituals to control their world, even though what they think is not true. Lord of the Flies is a symbol of the Devil, or Satan. When Simon communicated with Lord of the Flies, he found out what real evil was, which is the evil in the hearts of people. The pig's head is a symbol of the thing we make up to be the cause for evil, when those things aren't the real reason. Fire is the last symbol of nature. It stands for hope and rescue. When the fire was burning bright, it was because the boys had hope and were working hard to get rescued. When the fire burnt out, it was because too many boys, like Jack, lost hope for being rescued. In the end, the fire that got the attention of naval officers was ironically not meant for rescue ...

Compare and contrast Wilson and Truman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compare and contrast Wilson and Truman - Essay Example Wilson approach to military leaders was more based on his neutrality policy. During the First World War, President Wilson opted to remain strictly neutral. According to him, the underlying cause of the First World War was the militant nationalism of the greatest European power and the ethnic hatred that had engulfed both Central and Eastern Europe. During the early years of the war, America was experiencing a recession. President Wilson was more of a mediator when dealing with military leaders. During the First World War for instance, he offered to be a mediator between the Central powers and the Allies. He refused to build up the military forces in the United States in anticipation of a war threat. For this reason, he faced widespread criticism from Republican, led by Theodore Roosevelt. President Wilson directly made important military decisions on his own. For instance, when the German submarines began to kill sailors and civilian passengers, President Wilson personally demanded German stop. Despite this, he kept the United States out of this war. President Wilson was received more pressure from military leaders and American citizens to discard his neutrality policy after the sinking of the British passenger liner by the Germans. In the early 1917, he directed the military leader to adopt the unrestricted submarine warfare (Keylor 231). He eventually took America into the First World War after the revelation of the Zimmermann Telegram. President Wilson became more proactive with the military leaders. He gave direct commands to military leaders, including General John J. Pershing. On the other hand, President Truman is remembered for implementing a number of policies aimed at desegregating the Armed forces. He dealt with the military leaders in a neutral manner. In 1948, he signed an executive order that called for the desegregation of the military. He

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Personal Development - Essay Example It is the role of teachers to make students view life from different perspectives in order to strengthen their process of learning. Students get awareness of different behaviors and educational concepts in schools and express the obtained knowledge in different professional and social settings. Learning also enhances social interactions between people in an appropriate manner. People learn a variety of behaviors and expressions from other people around them and use those behaviors when they interact with other people. A person needs to have effective social interaction skills to succeed in society. When a person has requisite knowledge of the way to communicate successfully with other people, he/she does not face any difficulty in improving his/her social interaction skills. Moreover, a person can never communicate properly with other people without having a sufficient knowledge of effective communication skills. Learning is that process, which develops and refines social interaction skills of a person by making him/her acquire required knowledge of effective communication basics. Learning also helps people progress in their professional lives. â€Å"A new employee who wants to be successful on her/his job is likely to look for someone who is successful and in high regard and then attempt to imitate that person’s behavior† (Fox 2006, p. 38). In professional settings, an employee needs to interact with other employees, such as, colleagues and managers, to acquire required information and knowledge. Acquiring knowledge becomes a part of that employee’s learning process, which ultimately helps him/her progress in his/her professional life. Effective workplace communication skills are... This paper approves that barriers to communication also arise, when some employees have poor listening and communication skills, and due to this reason, they cannot communicate with other employees effectively. In such situations, people do not get the message properly which results in making communication process unsuccessful. Some people do not listen properly to others. â€Å"Failure to actively listen can result in mistakes and misunderstanding†. Physical barrier arises when employees of a company have to use telephones and emails because of not having physical access to each other. Some of the main types of physical barriers include difference of locations, closed office doors, and noise. This essay makes a conclusion that feedback plays a vital role in making the process of communication successful. It makes the presenter aware of the credibility of his/her ideas. The process of communication runs in one direction without proper feedback. The reason is that if a presenter does not get a proper and instant feedback from the audience, he/she will not know the way others perceive his/her ideas. We have to encourage the employees to give proper feedback to each other during communication. Effective workplace communication is the key to success of a company in today’s world of competition. Employees of a company need to communicate effectively with each other because ineffective communication and expression of bad attitudes and poor behaviors can block a company’s way towards success.

Cost Centres, Profit Centres, Investment Centres Essay Example for Free

Cost Centres, Profit Centres, Investment Centres Essay The increasing complexity of today’s business environment makes it virtually impossible for most firms to be controlled centrally. Decentralisation is a necessary response to this increasing complexity and involves the delegation of decision-making responsibility by senior management to sub-ordinates. The structure is such that decision making is dispersed to various units within the organisation, with managers at various levels making key decisions relating to their centre of responsibility. These centres of organisational activity are known as responsibility centres and may be defined ‘as a unit of a firm where an individual manager is held responsible for the unit’s performance. ’1 The performance of each centre and its manager is measured and controlled through a system of responsibility accounting which is based on the principles of locating responsibility and tracing costs/revenue/investments etc. to the individual managers who are primarily responsible. The division of the firm into separately identifiable units of responsibility allows for more accurate measurement of managerial performance because local information is more thorough. Overall, in order to obtain an accurate measurement of managerial performance, measures should be based on elements which the manager can control or significantly influence. There are three main types of responsibility centre. A cost centre is the lowest level of responsibility, and performance is measured in terms of the costs incurred by it. Cost centres do not generate revenue and therefore have no profit objectives, which differentiates it from profit and investment centres. Managers of cost centres are accountable only for controllable costs and are not responsible for level of activity or long-term investment decisions. Managerial performance is measured by efficiency of operations in terms of the quantity of inputs used in producing a given output. The basis of this type of measurement lies in comparing actual inputs to budgeted controllable costs or some predetermined level that represents efficient utilisation. Cost control and efficiency of operations are the main elements of this type of unit. However, costs in general can be difficult to measure, trace and allocate and it can be difficult to differentiate between controllable and uncontrollable costs. This poses a major drawback for the evaluation of cost centres and their management, since cost is its main element of measurement. The focus being mainly on costs, makes this centre some-what weak in terms of evaluation and measurement of managerial performance. Cost centres can be split into two different types; standard cost centres and discretionary cost centres. In the former, measurement is exercised by comparing standard cost with actual cost. Variances would be indicative of the efficiency of the centre and therefore its managers’ performance. Discretionary cost centres are centres where output cannot be measured in financial terms, for example advertising and publicity, RD etc. ‘Control normally takes the form of ensuring that actual expenditure adheres to budgeted expenditure for each expense category.’2 However, a major problem with this type of responsibility centre is the measurement of the effectiveness of expenditure and the determination of the efficiency of the centre itself and its management. A profit centre offers an additional element to the measurement process in that both inputs and outputs are measured in monetary terms. The manager of a profit centre has increased autonomy as s/he is responsible for revenue as well as costs; hence it is easier to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of managerial performance in financial terms. ‘In this situation, managers are normally free to set selling prices, choose which markets to sell in, make product-mix and output decisions and select suppliers.’3 A profit centre differs form a cost centre in that its main objective is to maximise profit and the performance of the manager is measured in terms of profit made. Top executives allocate assets to a profit centre, and the manager is responsible for using these assets to make a profit. Each profit centre has a profit target and has the authority to adopt such policies that are necessary to achieve these targets. Profit centre managers are evaluated by comparing actual profit to targeted profit. Profit analysis using profitability ratios or segmented income statements are used as a basis for evaluating managerial performance. The major issue with profit statements is the difficulty in deciding what is controllable or traceable, and in order to assess the managers’ performance rather than the economic performance of the unit, measures must be based on controllable profit only. Another difficulty arises in allocating revenue and costs to profit centres, as it is unlikely that the profit centre is completely independent. This has prompted many firms to use multiple performance measures such as a balanced scorecard, which measures non-financial as well as financial elements of the unit. The measurement of profit is also compounded by the use of transfer prices and agreeing on its ‘fairness’. Transfer prices are allocated to goods transferred from one unit to another within a firm. The implication of transfer prices is that for the selling unit it will be a source of revenue and for the receiving unit it is an element of cost, and as a result each division may act in its own interests. Transfer pricing therefore has a significant bearing when calculating revenues, costs and profits of responsibility centres. The choice of transfer pricing method is important because it affects goal congruence as well as performance measurement. However, it is difficult to determine the correct transfer price, as there are a wide variety of methods available, varying from negotiation to approaches based on the market or based on cost. The investment centre manager has increased responsibility in comparison to the cost and profit centre managers and as a result there are further options for managerial performance measurement by top management. The investment centre manager has responsibility for revenue and costs, and also has the authority to make capital investment decisions. This type of unit represents the highest level of managerial autonomy. An investment centre differs from a profit centre in that investment centre management is evaluated on the basis of the rate of return earned on the assets employed or the residual income earned, while profit centre management is evaluated on the basis of excess revenue over expenses for the period. The manager in charge has the objective of profitability, depending not only on sales but also on profitability of the capital used. Overall, investment centres offer the broadest basis for measurement in the sense that managerial performance is measured not only in terms of profits, but also in terms of assets employed to generate those profits. Performance can be measured using a variety of tools, and this ensures that the drawbacks of one method are overcome by the merits of another. This in turn leads to more accurate results and is one of the main reasons why investment centres are so popular as a means of managerial performance measurement in large companies. Both the effectiveness and the efficiency of the manager can be assessed by reference to the accounting data available. Investment centres offer many qualities required for good managerial performance measurement. For example, they provide incentives to the unit manager, they can recognise long-term objectives as well as short-term objectives and the increased responsibility means there are more controllable factors for use in performance measurement calculations. Return on investment is a measurement approach in common use in investment centres. This method has the advantage of being simple and easy to calculate. ‘ROI expresses divisional profit as a percentage of the assets employed in the division.’4 It has the further advantage of motivating managers to achieve the best return on investments in order to achieve the associated rewards. ROI provides a return measure that controls the size and is comparable to other measures. It can be used as a common denominator for comparing the returns of similar businesses, such as other divisions within the group or outside competition. It is widely used and most managers understand what the measure reflects. However, some complications arise in the calculation of this method. For example, difficulties regarding the calculation of profit, some of which are described above. Profit can be defined in a number of ways and this enables the figure to be manipulated. In the case of the figure for investments, the question arises whether this should be total assets (gross or depreciated), total operating assets or net total assets. The result would differ in each case, but if consistency is maintained throughout the organisation, decisions would remain unaffected. Another difficulty that may arise in relation to this method is that managers may focus on self-interests rather than the overall goal of the organisation and some profitable opportunities may be ignored because s/he fears potential dilution of existing successful endeavours. Furthermore, ROI does not adequately recognise risk. A manager who generates a large ROI result may be investing in riskier assets which may not be consistent with organisational goals. Use of ROI as a managerial performance measure can lead to under or over investment in assets or incorrect asset disposal decisions, in order to achieve the result the manager requires to accomplish his reward. To overcome some of the above difficulties, many firms use residual income to evaluate managerial performance. This method seeks to motivate managers to invest where the expected returns exceed the cost of capital. For the purpose of managerial performance measurement, ‘it compares the controllable contribution of an investment with the targeted rate of return.’5 There is a greater possibility that managers will be encouraged to act in the best interests of the company. Another advantage of this method is that it is more flexible because different cost of capital rates can be applied for different levels or risk. Though ROI and RI operate on a similar basis, RI proves better in certain circumstances. For example, if ROI is chosen as the measuring technique, managers may be reluctant to make additional investments in fixed assets as it may bring down the ROI for their centre. RI calculation results would be more accurate in these situations. However, residual income does not overcome the problem of determining the value of assets or the figure to be used for profit. If RI is used in a short-term perspective, it can over-emphasise short-term performance at the expense of long-term performance. Investment projects with positive net present values can show poor ROI and RI results in early years, leading to rejection of projects by managers. Residual income also experiences problems in comparing managerial performance in divisions of different sizes. The manager of the larger division will generally show a higher RI because of the size of the division rather then superior managerial performance. Another drawback for this method is that it requires an estimate of the cost of capital, a figure which can be difficult to calculate. Economic value added is an extension of the residual income measurement. It measures surplus value created by total investments which include funds provided by banks, shareholders etc. Its key element is the emphasis on after-tax operating profit and the actual annual cost of capital. The latter aspect differentiates it from the RI measure, which uses the minimum expected rate of return. EVA is a further step towards encouraging centre managers to concentrate on the overall goal of the organisation rather than their own self interests, hence reducing dysfunctional behaviour. The above measures are financial measures. As stated previously, it is important also to study non-financial aspects, such as customer satisfaction, quality, internal processes, growth etc. in order to get a more complete picture when measuring managerial performance. The above measures also focus on performance within the investment centre and do not consider the performance relative to overall company objectives. In conclusion, it can be stated that in order to assess managerial performance as opposed to the economic performance of the division, it is vital to make a distinction between the controllable and uncontrollable elements used in the chosen calculations. Each measurement technique is not without limitations, but these difficulties can be overcome by using a wide variety of measurement tools and striking the right balance between them. Of the three types of responsibility centre, an investment centre can be considered to yield better results, as it allows for the broadest basis for measurement, making it widely popular as a means of managerial performance measurement. 1 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 653 2 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 654 3 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 654/655 4 C. Drury, Management and Cost Accounting, 6th Ed. P. 845 5 IPA Manual, Management Accounting, P 239